http://www.liveleak.com/browse?q=1910 Wed, 22 May 2013 00:54:52 -0400 Liveleak http://edge.liveleak.com/80281E/u/u/ll2/logo.gif http://www.liveleak.com/browse?q=1910 Fri, 17 May 2013 16:37:36 -0400 http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=82f_1368822899 10fold MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES 1. Arrest is presumed to be false; officer has the burden of proof The only thing the plaintiff needs to plead and to prove if alleging false arrest, is either (1) that the defendant made an arrest or imprisonment, or (2) that the defendant affirmatively instigated, encouraged, incited, or caused the arrest or imprisonment. Burlington v. Josephson , 153 Fed.2d 372,276 (1946). " When the plaintiff has shown that he was arrested, imprisoned or restrained of his liberty by the defendant, " the law presumes it to be unlawful ." People v. McGrew , 20 Pac. 92 (1888); Knight v. Baker , 133 P. 544(1926). " The burden is upon the defendant to show that the arrest was by authority of law. " McAleer v. Good , 65 Atl. 934, 935 (1907); Mackie v. Ambassador , 11 P.2d 6 (1932). " Any arrest made without a warrant, if challenged by the defendant, is presumptively invalid ...the burden is upon the state" to justify it as authorized by statute, and as not violative of constitutional provisions. State v. Mastrian , 171 N.W.2d 695 (1969); Butler v. State , 212 So.2d 577 (Miss 1968) " As in the case of illegal arrests, the officer ... must keep within the law at his peril ." Thiede v. Scandia , 217 Minn. 231, 14 N.W.2d 400 (1944). 2. Must show warrant upon request " He must show it to the accused, if requested to do so ." Smith v. State , 208 S.2d 747 (Miss., 1968). " If demanded, he must produce the warrant and read it to the accused, that he may know by what authority and for what cause he is deprived of his liberty ." S tate v. Shaw , 89 S.E. 322 (1916). " An accused person, if he demands it, is entitled to have the warrant for his arrest shown to him at the time of arrest ." 42 L.R.A. 682, 51 L.R.A. 211, Crosswhite v. Barnes , 124 S.E. 242, 245 (1924). " A special deputy is bound to show his warrant if requested to do so, and if he omit, the party against whom the warrant issues may resist an arrest, and the warrant under such circumstances is no protection against an action for an assault, battery and false imprisonment ." Frost v. Thomas , 24 Wendell's Rep. (N.Y.) 418, 419 (1840). " It is doubtless the duty of an officer who executes a warrant of arrest to state the nature and substance of the process which gives him the authority he professes to exercise, and, if it is demanded, to exhibit his warrant, that the party arrested may have no excuse for resistance ." Shovlon v. Com. , 106 Pa. 369, 5 Am. Crim. Rep. 41 (1884) " It was the duty of an officer who attempts to make an arrest to exhibit the warrant if he has one ." Jones v. State , 114 Ga. 79, 39 S.E. 861 (1901) 3. Warrant must be valid A constable justifying an imprisonment under a warrant must show that the warrant on its face is legal, and that the magistrate had jurisdiction of the subject-matter . 51 L.R.A. 197, Poulk v. Slocum , 3 Blackfords (Ind). 421. (Meaning, you should also demand a copy of the affidavit giving the judge probable cause to issue the warrant. All warrants must issue upon submission of an affidavit of probable cause.) " A warrant is regarded as insufficient and thus void if, on its face, it fails to state facts sufficient to constitute a crime ." Wharton's Crim. Proc. , 12th Ed., vol. 1, p. 152 (1974). 4. No rubber-stamp "signature" " The United States Supreme Court ... stressed the need for 'individualized review' to avoid the issuance of 'rubber stamp' warrants ." State v. Paulick , 277 Minn. 140, 151 N.W.2d 596 (1967). 5. False arrest is assault and battery " An illegal arrest is an assault and battery. The person so attempted to be restrained of his liberty has the same right, and only the same right, to use force in defending himself as he would have in repelling any other assault and battery ." State v. Robinson , 72 Atl.2d 262 (1950). " An arrest without warrant is a trespass, an unlawful assault upon the person ... where one is about to be unlawfully deprived of his liberty he may resist the aggressions of the offender, whether of a private citizen or a public officer, to the extent of taking the life of the assailant, if that be necessary to preserve his own life, or prevent infliction upon him of some great bodily harm ." State v. Gum , 69 S.E. 464 (1910). " Every person has the right to resist an unlawful arrest ... and, in preventing such illegal restraint of his liberty, he may use such force as may be necessary ." Columbus v. Holmes , 152 N.E.2d 306 (1958). 6. No handcuffs (sorry, OSHA) "But a constable cannot justify handcuffing a prisoner unless he has attempted to escape, or unless it be necessary in order to prevent his doing so." 51 L.R.A. 216. " The handcuffing was utterly unlawful." Osborn v. Veitch 1 Foster &amp; Fin Eng Rep 317. 7. Go immediately to a magistrate (no photographs, no fingerprinting) "The one arresting has "a duty to immediately seek a magistrate," and failure to do so "makes a case of false imprisonment ." Heath v. Boyd , 175 S.W.2d. 217 (1943); Brock v. Stimson , 108 Mass. 520 (1871). " To detain the person arrested in custody for any purpose other than that of taking him before a magistrate is illegal ." Kominsky v. Durand , 12 Atl.2d. 654 (1940). " Any undue delay is unlawful and wrongful, and renders the officer himself and all persons aiding and abetting therein wrongdoers from the beginning ." Ulvestad v. Dolphin , 278 Pac. 684 (1929). " The taking of the plaintiff's picture before conviction was an illegal act ." Hawkins v. Kuhne , 137 NY Supp 1090, 153 App Div 216 (1912). " The power to arrest does not confer upon the arresting officer the power to detain a prisoner for other purposes ." Geldon v. Finnegan , 252 N.W. 372 (1934). " Compulsory fingerprinting before conviction is an unlawful encroachment... involves prohibited compulsory self-incrimination ." People v. Helvern , 215 N.Y. Supp. 417 (1926) Summary A warrant must be issued and be signed (no rubber stamp) by a judge who has jurisdiction; must state the facts showing jurisdiction; must be based upon probable cause; must name the offense committed; must contain an affidavit (under oath) by the accuser, stating FIRST HAND facts constituting a crime; must name the party to be arrested, or describe him sufficiently to identify him; must offer the warrant and the affidavit for inspection upon request; No handcuffs; must take me immediately before a magistrate, and hold me for no other purpose (no photographs, no fingerprinting); You are responsible for everything that happens to me even if you relinquish custody to an assign; Unlawful arrest is assault, battery &amp; trespass; There is no immunity in a false arrest case; Good faith is not a defense to sustain false arrest. Lastly . . . If the warrant states as cause to issue, a mere civil/statutory infraction not rising to the level of a capital crime . . . the officer must produce title to your biological property/body, before said officer can make the arrest and take possession of the biological property. You do not by accommodation, accept the offer of arrest for any statutory infraction unless the statute defines a capital crime and probable cause exists. NOTE: The arresting officer that this information has been presented to, has both a civil and legal duty to become informed with the material incorporated herein before an arrest is determined to have cause to be made. source: http://www.stopthepirates.blogspot.ca/ http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=82f_1368822899 10fold Arrest is presumed to be false if ... Arrest is presumed to be false if ... Tue, 14 May 2013 09:18:33 -0400 http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=9b8_1368537157 Detroit Iron MAY 13 2013, 6:00 PM ET by GARANCE FRANKE-RUTA Over and over, members of Congress asked the IRS to scrutinize 501(c)4 groups for their political activity-and also to scrutinize the agency's scrutiny of those groups.A report in Roll Call in March 2012 revealed that leading members of Congress not only were aware that the Internal Revenue Service had begun investigating the political activity of would-be 501(c)4 Tea Party groups that winter, but showed to what an extent members of Congress had been actively putting pressure on the agency to take a closer look at tax-exempt conservative organizations in the wake of the Supreme Court's Citizens United ruling. Reported Janie Lorber in 2012: Tea party outrage over a spate of IRS letters to conservative groups has revived a long-standing dispute over the agency's controversial role in policing politically active nonprofits. In January, the IRS began sending extensive questionnaires to organizations applying for nonprofit status as part of a broader project to understand whether social welfare organizations-which are not required to disclose their donors-are actually acting as political committees. Campaign finance reform groups and lawmakers in both parties have repeatedly demanded that the IRS examine the activities of tax-exempt advocacy groups, which proliferated during the 2010 cycle and are on pace to play an even larger role in 2012. Democrats, whose affiliated outside groups have lost the fundraising race to Republican organizations this year, have been particularly vocal, sending repeated letters to the agency requesting an investigation. On Wednesday, Rep. Peter Welch (D-Vt.) asked his colleagues in Congress to sign yet another. Peter Welch is a Democratic congressman from Vermont and sits on the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee chaired by California Republican Darrell Issa. Welch's March 2, 2012 letter to IRS Commissioner Douglas Shulman explicitly called on the IRS to crack down on 501(c)(4)s: We write to urge the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to investigate whether any groups qualifying as social welfare organizations under section 501(c)(4) of the federal tax code are improperly engaged in political campaign activity. Congress created a tax break for nonprofit social welfare organizations because communities across our country benefit greatly from their important work. It is clearly contrary to the intent of Congress for organizations supporting a candidate for office or running attack ads against a candidate to receive taxpayer support intended for legitimate nonprofit groups... We strongly urge you to fully enforce the law and related court rulings that clearly reserve 501(c)(4) tax status for legitimate nonprofit organizations. And we urge you to investigate and stop any abuse of the tax code by groups whose true mission is to influence the outcome of federal elections. In a statement accompanying the letter, Welch's office urged the IRS to "investigate whether nonprofit 501(c)(4) organizations affiliated with Super PACs-such as Crossroads GPS, the Karl Rove-backed group spending millions of dollars in campaigns across the country-are in violation of federal law and IRS regulations." Issa, for his part, sent a letter on March 27, 2012 in concert with Republican Jim Jordan of Ohio, who sits on House Oversight and chairs its Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs, asking the agency to look into the Tea Party group complaints about excessive information requests. "Over the past several weeks the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) sent many organizations, operating under tax exempt status, lengthy and detailed questionnaires," Issa and Jordan wrote to Lois Lerner, the director of the Exempt Organizations Division of the IRS, footnoting the above Roll Call story and a report in CNSNews as their sources. "These questionnaires ask for information well beyond the scope of typical disclosures required under IRS Form 1024.... everal experts suggest these recent IRS questionnaires exceed appropriate scrutiny." "Moreover," they added, "the IRS must apply the same criteria for all organizations applying for tax exempt status. News reports, however, indicate that the IRS efforts lack balance, with conservative organizations being the target of the IRS's heightened scrutiny efforts." A group of 12 Republican U.S. Senators on March 14, 2012 also complained to the IRS about the handling of the Tea Party and other conservative groups. "We have received reports and reviewed information from nonprofit civic organizations in Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, and Texas concerning recent IRS inquiries perceived to be excessive," they wrote Commissioner Shulman. "It is critical that the public have confidence that federal tax compliance efforts are pursued in a fair, even-handed, and transparent manner-without regard to politics of any kind. To that end, we write today to seek your assurance that this recent string of inquiries has a sound basis in law and is consistent with the IRS's treatment of tax-exempt organizations across the spectrum." Signatories on the letter included Orrin Hatch (Utah), Rob Portman (Ohio), Mitch McConnell (Ky.), Chuck Grassley (Iowa), and Rand Paul (Ky.). Outside groups had been calling on the IRS to investigate non-profits-and especially nonprofit 501(c)(4) groups run by Republican political operatives- since at least the fall of 2011 . The "IRS said examining the tax status of 501(c)4 political entities would be a priority for 2012," the Wall Street Journal reported in June 2012 , noting that the agency was "taking initial steps to examine whether Crossroads GPS, a pro-Republican group affiliated with Karl Rove, and similar political entities are violating their tax-exempt status by spending too much on partisan activities." Sen. Max Baucus, Democrat of Montana, called on the IRS in 2010 to investigate tax-exempt groups , writing the IRS commissioner that September to request that the agency "survey major 501(c)(4), (c)(5) and (c)(6) organizations involved in political campaign activity to examine whether they are operated for the organization's intended tax exempt purpose and to ensure that political campaign activity is not the organization's primary activity." He said his request was prompted by news reports about the organizing efforts of conservative groups. "Possible violation of tax laws should be identified as you conduct this study," Baucus wrote. "Please report back to the Finance Committee as soon as possible with your findings and recommended actions regarding this matter." On Monday, Baucus announced plans to hold a Senate Finance Committee hearing into Friday's fresh round of revelations that the IRS had targeted conserva4tive 501(c) groups. According to a draft inspector general's audit obtained by the New York Times , the agency use of "tea party" as a key word to scrutinize applicants for tax-exempt status dated to March 2010 and continued through February 2012, when the Tea Party groups began to raise a public outcry. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=9b8_1368537157 Detroit Iron Congress Put Pressure on the IRS to Investigate Conservative Tax-Exempt Groups IRS, 501(c) Thu, 25 Apr 2013 14:25:22 -0400 http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=e49_1366893785 RedStone This weekend I was at Silverstone Race circuit for the Commander York Trophy 2013. This race was last run in 1960 We took my dads car the Hornet 1948 Formula 3 car. Driven by Ewan Cameron. These cars are known as 500's because of their 500cc engines often Norton or J.A.P racing motorcycle engines. The first 500's appeared after the second world war when a new cheaper form of motor sport was called for. the first being home made race cars made from any parts available. soon enough some companies emerged manufacturing the new formula 3 race cars. One of which was Cooper racing cars who went on to make and win formula 1 world championships. Many Big names of motor racing started in these cars Sir Stirling Moss and Bernie Ecleston to name a few. sorry the filming skills are not to good, i just wanted to do my best to capture some of the meeting to share with those of you who have appreciated my other vintage racing videos, all was filmed on a small hd flip camera Charles Anthony Yorke was born in July 1910. Though still serving in the Navy, he became a keen supporter of 500cc racing and long distance racing in particular. Tony became a member of the committee in December 1947 and presented the "Good Losers" Trophy to the Club, the first recipient being Frank Bacon . Sadly, Tony was killed on a motorcycle in June 1949 after he had given his name to another trophy, for the 100 Mile event at Silverstone , first held a few weeks after his death. At the time it was huge test for any car to last such a distance and was won by a seventeen year old Peter Collins . Read more at http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=de2_1366730867#KtKl5tKVOAXx3vQt.99 http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=e49_1366893785 RedStone Historic Formula 3 Racing At Silverstone 2013 cooper, motor racing, 500, race car, race, car Tue, 23 Apr 2013 14:02:39 -0400 http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=de2_1366730867 RedStone This weekend I was at Silverstone Race circuit for the Commander York Trophy 2013. This race was last run in 1960 We took my dads car the Hornet 1948 Formula 3 car. Driven by Ewan Cameron. These cars are known as 500's because of their 500cc engines often Norton or J.A.P racing motorcycle engines. The first 500's appeared after the second world war when a new cheaper form of motor sport was called for. the first being home made race cars made from any parts available. soon enough some companies emerged manufacturing the new formula 3 race cars. One of which was Cooper racing cars who went on to make and win formula 1 world championships. Many Big names of motor racing started in these cars Sir Stirling Moss and Bernie Ecleston to name a few. sorry the filming skills are not to good, i just wanted to do my best to capture some of the meeting to share with those of you who have appreciated my other vintage racing videos, all was filmed on a small hd flip camera Charles Anthony Yorke was born in July 1910. Though still serving in the Navy, he became a keen supporter of 500cc racing and long distance racing in particular. Tony became a member of the committee in December 1947 and presented the "Good Losers" Trophy to the Club, the first recipient being Frank Bacon . Sadly, Tony was killed on a motorcycle in June 1949 after he had given his name to another trophy, for the 100 Mile event at Silverstone , first held a few weeks after his death. At the time it was huge test for any car to last such a distance and was won by a seventeen year old Peter Collins . http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=de2_1366730867 RedStone Historic Formula 3 Racing motorsport, racing Sun, 21 Apr 2013 14:20:32 -0400 http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=5ab_1366568265 woodiesandwheels 1910 Carter Car still on the road. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=5ab_1366568265 woodiesandwheels <span class="highlight">1910</span> Carter car (Very early Automatic showing how is works and driving it) antique car Sun, 21 Apr 2013 11:04:10 -0400 http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=200_1366555109 waterlawman I'm only reproducing this for the readers of LiveLeak. This is not my work. I thought it would be compelling reading for LiveLeaker's. Gary Leupp wrote this he is Professor of History at Tufts University, and holds a secondary appointment in the Department of Religion. April 16, 2013 What's Really Going On? The Mindset of North Korean Elites by GARY LEUPP On March 27 Kim Jong-un, the "Dear Respected Marshal" and leader the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, severed the last military hotline between North and South. Three days later he announced that the DPRK was renouncing the armistice agreement of 1953 and "entering the state of war." On April 2 he announced the reactivation of a plutonium reactor closed in 2007, and the closure of Kaesong Industrial Park the next day. (Pyongyang bravely declared that it receives "few economic benefits from the zone," where 53,000 North Koreans work for 123 South Korean companies, "while the South side largely benefits from it.") On April 4 U.S. intelligence reported movement of a medium-range missile to an eastern location for possible testing. The next day British and Russian diplomats reported that their missions in Pyongyang had been encouraged to evacuate family members. Two weeks have gone by. Pyongyang is reportedly calm, and there are some reports that-after some rather provocative moves-the Pentagon seems to have canceled or postponed some actions, perhaps to defuse the situation. (A nuclear-capable B-2 flew in from Missouri March 28 and dropped "inert ordinance" while nuclear-capable B-52s participated in "routine" drills and a destroyer and sea-based radar platform approached the North Korean coast.) Meanwhile the press reports that the U.S. has ruled out hitting missiles on the launch pad without evidence of plans to attack the U.S.-surely a small comfort. Everyone seems to agree that, since the North Koreans do not seem anywhere near to having deliverable nuclear warheads-and if they did they'd realize their use would surely doom themselves and tens of thousands of others-it's extremely unlikely that all the rhetoric and dramatic moves will truly lead to war. But how to explain them? One must imagine that Kim Jong-il and his courtiers are not the South Park cartoon characters created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone. They are in fact "rational." Madeleine Albright, Bill Clinton's Secretary of State, met at length with Kim Jong-il in 2002 and pronounced him both "rational" and "pragmatic" (as well as "charming"). The reverends Billy and Franklin Graham, who have preached in North Korea and are seen by the Foreign Ministry as "friends of Korea" have also averred that the Kims are rational. (Yes, I agree that Albright and the evangelicals are themselves no models of rationality or morality. My point is just that the DPRK leaders are no nuttier than the global ruling-class norm.) Those in Kim's circle are well educated, can access the international media, and despite North Korea's reputation for "isolation" (Korea was called "the hermit kingdom" long before its division in 1945) well aware of the outside world. Dynasty founder Kim Il-song left Korea for Manchuria at age eight and didn't return to 1945. Kim Jong-un, now 29 or 30, apparently spent seven of his formative years enrolled first in the International School near Bern, Switzerland, from around age 10 to 14, and then the nearby Liebefeld Steinh"olzli from age 14 to 17. (He later obtained a degree in physics from Kim Il-song University.) His slightly older brother Jong-chul studied in Switzerland as well. His oldest (half-) brother Jong-nam (b. 1981) visited Tokyo from at least 1995. (Caught entering Japan on a forged passport in 2001, he embarrassed his father Kim Jong-il, was removed from his heir apparent position and now spends much of his time in Macao.) Indeed quite a few descendents of dynasty founder Kim have spent long periods outside the DPRK. Kim Il-song's second oldest son (after Jong-il) has been ambassador to Poland since the 1980s and his two children grew up in Warsaw. Kim Il-song's daughter Kim Kyong-chin has been living in Vienna over twenty years as wife of the DPRK ambassador to Austria. Another daughter, Kim Kyong-hui, studied in Moscow 1968-69. Her own daughter, Jong-un's cousin, studied in Paris (and as we will see, died there). Clearly the elite is aware of the realities of global capitalism, and aware that the U.S., however crisis-ridden its system may be, remains a hyper-power, the world's greatest purveyor of violence. It has over 7000 nukes in its arsenal. DPRK leaders also grasps the magnitude of the changes in China, where a "communist" party with fraternal ties to the DPRK's ruling Korean Workers Party has maintained its hold on power while overseeing the restoration of capitalism (and coping with the stormy social consequences). Kim's advisors presumably realize that without international relief and Chinese goodwill, the DPRK would become so destitute that social explosions would be inevitable. They know that actions seen as provocative by both the U.S. and China could result in sanctions producing mass suffering. One doubts that many in this stratum would welcome war. But then, who knows? All the commentators state that little is known about the North Korean leadership. What do we (outsiders in general) really know about how they think? The Songbun System First of all we must assume that having grown up under the songbun status system, they accept it or do not overtly challenge it. This system, little known to people outside the DPRK, places people in one of 51 categories based on songbun (background "components"). These categories were announced by the Great Leader Kim Il-song in 1957 and subsequently elaborated in party documents. The first group consists of "friendly" (or "core" forces). These as of 1957 consisted of the peasant and working classes, Party members, veterans of the wars against the Japanese and U.S., revolutionary intellectuals, etc. Kim estimated these at 25% of the population. Meanwhile "hostile" or "enemy" forces, such as former landlords and entrepreneurs, Christian missionaries, shamans, collaborators with the Japanese, etc. were about 20% of the people. The remaining 55% (including, for example) "former small venders" were "neutral" or "wavering." These are not all economic class categories but include "Chinese Koreans who returned from China to Korea in the 1950s," "Buddhists and people observing Buddhist rituals," etc. Status assignment, made at birth, has usually determined one's eligibility for education, employment, location, housing, food rations, access to electricity, and rights to purchase certain goods such as television sets. But some argue that the recent collapse of the state distribution system, rise of the black market and access to Chinese-made electronics and social media have reduced the importance of songbun . It should go without saying that this system of privilege by hereditary status has nothing in common with Marxism-Leninism, which has in fact long been replaced with "the Juche Idea" in official DPRK propaganda as the ideology of state. There is no pretense to either classlessness or strategy for the attainment of a classless society; the existence of privileged strata is taken for granted. Maybe the idea is that the hostile groups will either gradually wither away due to the discrimination they face or at least be denied the ability to inbreed with the "core." The system deeply impacts the minds of many. For example, an effort to promote a cult around Kim Jong-un's mother Ko Young-hee has apparently been stymied by her songbun . Born in Japan in 1952, in Osaka where there is a large ethnic Korean population, she moved with her family to North Korea at age nine. Koreans born in Japan hold low status. It does not help that a younger sister defected to the U.S. There are some in the elite who would have liked to prevent the circulation last year of the documentary "The Mother of Great Military-first Korea," in which Ko is shown as a loving wife and doting mother comparable to Kim Jong-suk, glorious spouse and comrade to Kim Il-song. Parents are often deeply opposed to marriages with families of inferior songbun , partly because they know that any grandchildren born to offspring "marrying down" will suffer disadvantages. One prominent example: Jang Kum-song-the daughter of Kim Kyong-hui, the sister of Kim Il-song mentioned above, and her husband, Gen. Jang Sung-taek-died at age 29 in Paris in 2006. Educated in Europe, she wished to marry a North Korean man but her parents opposed the union due to the songbun gap. She committed suicide by drug overdose, a child of extraordinary privilege perhaps protesting the unfairness of the system that had coddled her so far. (Her first cousin Jong-un was around 23 at the time. One wonders when he became aware of this, and what he thought. There are rumors that his own marriage to Ri Sol-ju-who studied music in China-was opposed by his father Jong-il and concealed before his death.) Kum-song's mother Kyong-hui had studied in Moscow in 1968-9 alongside her boyfriend Jang; although the Kim family had reportedly opposed their relationship, they married in 1972. (It appears obvious that the songbun system produces ongoing conflicts within the elite, especially within families.) As a director of the International Liaison Department of the ruling party she promoted relations with Singapore and Thailand in the 1970s. She's accumulated posts in industrial management and the military. She's been described as a "personal aide" to Jung-un and has been present with her husband at meetings with Chinese diplomats. (It's been reported that Kyong-hui has missed meetings due to depression, which would not be surprising given how and why her daughter died seven years ago.) Jong-un's uncle by marriage, Gen. Jang, held top party positions from the 1980s but disappeared from November 2004, probably for criticizing economic policy. His wife dropped from view too. But in March 2006 he resurfaced in the entourage of his brother-in-law Kim Jong-il then travelling in China. Apparently someone thought him indispensible to the management of the DPRK's relationship with the PRC. Now he and Aunt Kyong-hui are regarded as Jong-un's closest advisors. Everybody living within the songbun system must understand that they belong to a status group which determines their options in life. They realize furthermore that their fates rest on decisions made by faceless generals in line with the Songun ("military first") policy announced in 1995. Rare among self-pronounced "socialist" states, North Korea places military authority ahead of party authority. China's Mao Zedong once declared "political power grows out of the barrel of a gun," but added that "...the Party the gun, the gun must never be allowed to command the Party." In North Korea it is just the reverse. The army-led only by men of highest status, with an interest in maintaining it-eclipses the party. Wherever the young Kim goes, or at least wherever he is photographed, he's surrounded by grim uniformed men at least twice his age. Their material interests are a driving factor in policy. The Kims have kept these brass (relatively) fat and happy with imported whiskey and luxury cars, yachts and jewelry, and all-night parties with the Leader. The people around Kim Jong-un affecting current policy, including the handling of this current standoff with the U.S. and the South, realize that the masses of North Koreans do not have access to much of the information available to themselves. (According to one industry source, only 6% of households have television sets.) Most quite likely believe what the mass media, education system and ubiquitous propaganda organs teach: that Kim Il-song, Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un are a line of geniuses who, with their boundless energy and through their ceaseless inspection tours, are personally responsible for all the DPRK's comforts and accomplishments. Surely most of the "core" believes that, although there must be a stratum that knows better and is quietly cynical (the alternative being suicide); and much of the "wavering" may believe too. We should not assume that people blame all hardships on the system or the Kims; quite likely, many feel a variety of religious reverence for the Kims that impedes their ability to analyze their situation. Even some of the "enemies" (if they survived the famine of 1994-98, estimated to have taken between several hundred thousand and two million lives) might accept the system, love the leader and believe what his government says. Believing this, the elite thinks it can do pretty much what it wants to do. Kimilsongism, Shinto, and Neo-Confucianism North Korea, as I've argued before, should be understood as a religious state . I do not mean one in which Marxism-Leninism has ossified into a type of state religion, as it did in the Soviet Union; Marxism-Leninism really has little to do with it. Mainstream journalists refer to it misleadingly as "Stalinist," and surely Kim Il-song emulated Stalin in forging a personality cult with omnipresent self-glorifying posters, statues etc. But while Stalin-whatever else you can say of him-took Marxism-Leninism seriously, the Kims have pretty much tossed it out. The official ideology of the DPRK is "Kimilsongism-Kimjongilism" (formerly just "Kimilsongism"), based on the (vague, infinitely flexible) Juche concept that officially supplanted Marxism-Leninism in 1972. The 1998 and 2009 versions of the DPRK Constitution make no reference to Marxism whatsoever although they refer to " Juche- based" socialism which is something quite different. The North Koreans wouldn't argue otherwise. The study of Marxist theory is not encouraged in North Korea. It's not even possible for most. A Russian scholar wrote in 1995, "the works by Marx, Engels, and Lenin are not only excluded from the standard curriculum, but are generally forbidden for lay readers. Almost all the classical works of Marxism-Leninism, as well as foreign works on the Marxist philosophy are kept in special depositories, along with other kinds of subversive literature. Such works are accessible only to specialists with special permits." How could any real Marxist believe what DPRK school children are taught? They're told that the Kim family originated on Mt. Paektu, a mountain held sacred to Koreans and Manchurians for 2000 years, the place of origin of both peoples, according to their mythologies. (According to an ancient myth, the Korean nation of Choson was founded by the son of a bear who had been transformed into a woman by Hwanung, ruler of a divine city on Mt. Paektu, and a tiger. It rather reminds me of the Japanese Shinto myth in which the grandson of the Sun Goddess descends from heaven to Mt. Takachiho in Kyushu and begets two sons. One of these married the daughter of the Sea God, who turned out to be a dragon. She gave birth to the first emperor of Japan before slinking away back into the sea. Thus the Japanese imperial family also descended from heaven, and became human.) North Korean school children are now told that the Kims descended from heaven to the top of Mt. Paektu, where they were transformed into human beings. What sort of historical materialist could accept the story that Kim Il-song during the 1940s, fighting Japanese in Manchuria, could cut down trees with his enormous sword as though he were slicing through tofu? Or believe the official biography of Kim Jong-il, beginning with his birth in a humble log cabin on this sacred Mt. Paektu? (He was in fact born in Vyatskoye, a Russian fishing village on the Amur River. His father, then a captain in the Soviet Red Army, had served in the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army in Manchuria from 1935 to 1940. He was a member of the Chinese Communist Party at this time, had been educated in Chinese from age eight and reportedly spoke Korean with some difficulty at this time.) What sort of Marxist can believe that when the Dear Leader was born, a double rainbow appeared over the mountain peak, a new star rose in the heavens, and a swallow descended, heralding the early arrival of spring? Or believe that once when he visited Panmunjom, a fog descended to protect him from South Korean snipers, but when he was out of danger, the mist dramatically lifted and glorious red sunlight shone all around him? Or take seriously the report that he shot 11 holes-in-one to achieve an unprecedented 38-under-par game on a regulation 18-hole golf course, on his very first try at golf? Or accept the somber statement in the DPRK media, on the day of Kim Jong-il's death: "When the Great Marshal died, thousands of cranes descended from heaven to fetch him. The birds couldn't take him because they saw that North Koreans cried and screamed and pummeled their chests, pulled their hair and pounded the ground"? Such attributions of supernatural powers, the suggestion that Heaven endorses the Kims, are just the beginning of North Korean religiosity. If the regime has integrated aspects of native mythology to the Kim cult, it has also drawn upon neo-Confucianism, the dominant ideology in Korea from the late fourteenth century. It formed, as historian James B., Palais states, "the basis not only of the educational curriculum and the civil service examination system, but also of ritual practice, family organization and ethical values" in the country. Confucianism is rooted in the values of filial piety and respect for ancestors, which are viewed as essential for the workings of a harmonious state under rulers who've received the Mandate of Heaven. If children obey their (presumably virtuous) parents, subjects-properly educated and knowing their assigned place in a fixed class system (gentry, peasants, artisans, merchants)-will obey the ruler. But the ruler must also be virtuous. If the ruler behaves badly, or is perceived as lacking virtue, there will be disorder, signaling that Heaven has withdrawn its mandate. That's the gist of this essentially conservative philosophy, which Mao Zedong (to cite the example of a serious, philosophically inclined Marxist-Leninist) found inherently reactionary. (Indeed, Mao endorsed a campaign to "criticize Confucius" in the last few years of his life.) Karl Marx was a family man and dutiful son and I doubt would object to filial piety in principle. But he would certainly take exception to the conflation of filial loyalty and loyalty to a ruling family. What could be less Marxist than the practice of hereditary kingship? But here perhaps is where the elder Kim's innovative "brilliance" shines through. During the Sino-Soviet split in the 1950s, Kim Il-song came to advocate "the Juche Idea ." This vague concept (sometimes translated "self-reliance") originally seemed to connote DPRK political independence vis-`a-vis the quarreling PRC and USSR. But it has in practice meant the creation of a national belief system that freely combines some socialist values (violated in practice) with many elements of the native tradition. Kim advocated, for example, that women dress in the traditional chima-jeogori . (This is rather like Japanese officials urging women to wear the kimono rather than more comfortable modern dress.) His son Jong-il reiterated in 1986 that brides should, due to "traditional custom and national sentiment of the Koreans" to dress in that outfit. Jong-il also urged all Koreans to observe the traditional observances of the Chongmyong holiday (April 6). These include dressing "in turf" and mowing the grass around the graves, and preparing special dishes including "cakes cooked with newly harvested grains." (The DPRK media reprinted his statement for this month's holiday, noting "it is one of the Koreans' manners to visit ancestral graves to pay tribute to the memory of their ancestors on the day. Leader Kim Jong Il in his lifetime had paid deep attention to carrying forward the traditional manners among the people in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.") It is all about filial piety and reverence for ancestors, positively justified as "traditional manners." Shouldn't one revere the ancestors of the leader too? Chinese and Soviet observers alike once looked askance at all of this, but both were obliged to accept this quasi-Marxist/neo-Confucian hybrid as an ally-a member of an imagined "socialist camp." One can say the strategy worked. Kim's grandson reigns in great comfort, after all, the revered heir of beloved forbears. China and Russia remain basically friendly. The Land of the Morning Calm indeed seems calm. The Mandate of Heaven The Great Leader apparently thought that to be thoroughly, independently Korean , the DPRK needed to draw upon its neo-Confucian heritage. This didn't mean reviving the reverence for Confucius himself, which had occurred as temples like the Hamhung Confucian temple in Hamgyongnamdo destroyed like most other monuments by U.S. bombing. The official position on Confucianism remains that announced in 1982: "Confucianism is a religion which believed in 'Heaven' and theologised the feudal kingdom...Like other religions... Confucianism was used as an ideological tool of the feudal ruling class since it arrived in Korea and had a poisonous impact on the People's ideology, psychology and ethics as well as on economic culture and technological development." But it did mean embracing and exploiting old concepts. It meant replacing the old neo-Confucian four-class system with fixed songbun categories, with "revolutionary intellectuals" at the top replacing the old yangban scholar-gentry, and former capitalists and miscellaneous miscreants at the bottom replacing the merchant class disparaged in Confucian thought. It meant replacing the monarchy toppled by the Japanese in 1910 with a new one claiming both ideological correctness and heavenly approval. If what emerged struck and continues to strike most Marxists as simply very bizarre, the North Koreans can defiantly proclaim: "These are our national, independent customs, and nobody else's business!" Korea is, however, very much China's business. The PRC and DPRK are, as the unpleasant Chinese expression goes, "as close as the lips and teeth." They are profoundly linked by history from Neolithic times, a shared written language (Chinese) for over 1000 years, Confucian culture, an 880 mile border, and the shared experience of fighting U.S. imperialism during the Korean War (1950-53). There are two and a half million Koreans in China. From China's point of view, North Korea is a buffer against Russia, Japan and South Korea. The modern Chinese may not have expected that Korean rulers would, like kings in the past, seek Beijing's approval when naming heirs apparent. But this happened with Jong-il in the early 1990s and with Jong-un in 2011. It's a version of the old confirmation of legitimacy sought from the Chinese emperors, themselves in possession of the Mandate of Heaven. (The Chinese leaders are in an awkward spot. Last November a delegation from the PRC delivered a letter to Jung-un from President Xi Jinping demanding that he not launch a ballistic missile. He did anyway, no doubt realizing that China's ability to pressure the DPRK is limited by Chinese fears of catastrophe in the event of a halt in aid and trade. Beijing hopes to nudge North Korea towards its own brand of state capitalism, which it thinks will contribute to stability in the region-although the Chinese regime itself faces mounting discontent-and facilitate eventual reunification. It has to maintain friendship with this former tributary kingdom.) Kim Il-song deftly arranged his own succession, as though it were the most natural thing in the world for the president of a republic to pass power on to his son. Jong-il less deftly and more hastily arranged the transfer of power to Jong-un. In both instances, Heaven played a role or at least was invoked. One of Jong-il's monikers was "the Heavenly-Descended General." Kim Il-song, whose motto was "believing in the people as in heaven," wrote a poem in 1991 on the occasion of his beloved son's 50th birthday: "Heaven and earth shake with the resounding cheers of all the people united in praising him." And as Jung-un took the throne, as mentioned above, the sacred cranes (symbols of longevity in East Asia) descended from Heaven to transport his father thence. The image of the sun has been important in this religification. Where does that come from, if not from the next-door Land of the Rising Sun? Korea was colonized from 1910 to 1945 by Japan, with its native myth of the Sun Goddess. State Shinto was promoted among the (partly resistant) Korean population during that period, who like the Japanese were taught that the Japanese emperors were descended from the goddess. Kim Il-song was surely exposed to this notion during his first eight years. Thus it isn't all that strange that the Kim cult similarly links the Great Leader with the sun. The DPRK Constitution states, "The great leader Comrade Kim Il Sung is the sun of the nation and the lodestar of the reunification of the fatherland." A monumental artwork called "the Figure of the Sun" erected to mark the 100-day memorial service for Kim in 1994, adorns a hill overlooking Pyongyang. April 15, the Great Leader's birthday and the main North Korean holiday, is called the "Day of Sun." Immediately after Il-song's death in 1994, villages and towns throughout the nation began to construct Towers of Eternal Life, the main one rising 93 meters over Kim's mausoleum in Pyongyang. The Great Leader's son took power, declining to assume the title of President. The Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea restricts that title forever to the Great Leader, whom the Dear Leader has proclaimed, "will always be with us." In 1997 the DPRK adopted a new calendar, in which the first year of Juche corresponds to Kim's birth year, 1912. Is it not obvious that Kimilsungism is a religious cult? And that it must condition the thinking even of many who silently doubt it? What They're Thinking So we have two control systems operating together: the songbun and a religious thought-control system. When young Jong-un sits down with Auntie Kyong-hui and Uncle Sung-taek, he and they and anyone else in the room realize that they preside over a very well-controlled privilege- and status-based society, in which the most discontented are the weakest, the most kept out of sight, and probably not an important threat; and where despite the hardships caused by famine and human stupidity, there remains a large class of people who dress well enough, eat adequately, have comfortable housing, and find some leisure time to enjoy sports and culture. (I recommend, by the way, surfing youtube for examples of televised popular entertainment in the DPRK, some of which will likely surprise you. Kim Jong-un seems partial to the all-female sixteen member electronic music group, the Moranbong Band. It was just launched last July. Their repertoire ranges from the patriotic, Kim-cult material you'd expect, to themes of the Disney movie "Beauty and the Beast" and "Gonna Fly Now" from "Rocky," to western classical pieces such as Mozart's Symphony no. 40 and P. Mauriat's Minuetto. They debuted last July with a concert extravaganza attended by Kim. He is clearly is a big fan and patron of the group. Having just emerged months after his coronation, it surely reflects his tastes These include a version of the DPRK anthem that begins with wistful violin and cello strings and erupts precisely midway through with the soaring strains of an electric guitar backed by drumbeat. Watch it here on youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=McBUm8YxHMs or visit the band's Facebook page Servants, Shophands and Laborers in in the Cities of Tokugawa Japan ; Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan ; and Interracial Intimacy in Japan: Western Men and Japanese Women, 1543-1900 . He is a contributor to Hopeless: Barack Obama and the Politics of Illusion , (AK Press). He can be reached at: gleupp@granite.tufts.edu Federal law allows citizens to reproduce, distribute or exhibit portions of copyright motion pictures, video tapes, or video disks under certain circumstances without authorization of the copyright holder. This infringement of copyright is called fair use and is allowed for purposes of criticism, news reporting, teaching and parody. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=200_1366555109 waterlawman The Mindset of North Korean Elites. An article by GARY LEUPP north-korea,Kim-Jong-un.Great-Leader,DPRK,quasi-Marxist/neo-Confucian,liveleak,puppy,cat,sex,terrorist,marxist,communist,evolution,Darwin,news,Leninism,Songbun Mon, 01 Apr 2013 09:55:22 -0400 http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=935_1364824283 Nazel_Hut It is hard to believe that New York City was once a small Dutch settlement. An old document shows that Dutch settlers did, in fact, pay for this land. 6 Guilders &gt; EUR2,72. The document can be seen at the citys South Street Seaport Museum. Martin Berense is head of the Netherlands National Archives. He says the letter tells about a ship arriving in Amsterdam. The ships operator said, The settlement is going well. And, we bought the island of Manhattan for sixty guilders. The letter is on loan for New Yorks four hundredth anniversary. Berendse says the letter tells about the settlement, which became New York. The museum also has a map of the settlement. Another map shows just how small Manhattan was. That changed when Britain took control. Historian Barry Lewis says the British filled in part of the East River with waste because more land was needed. BARRY LEWIS: We had only about one hundred thousand people at the beginning of the nineteenth century. By 1875, the population of Manhattan is over one-million people. By 1910, over two million people are living in Manhattan island. The Brooklyn Bridge was built in eighteen eighty-three so people could move to Long Island, where land was less costly. Lewis says people crossed the East River by carriage or boat. Or they walked across the bridge. He says New Yorks underground trains led to the development of land in areas far from the center of the city. Many businesses needed to be in Manhattan. So developers started building up, creating the skyscraper. BARRY LEWIS: People were afraid it would fall down in the first windstorm. And anyone who had property in the commercial buildings next to it, they were terrified that no one would rent in their buildings because that thing was next door. But more and more skyscrapers were built. Each one was higher than the next. Lewis says the big reason for so many skyscrapers was money. He says New York was built by investments in land. That is not why everything was built. Some structures have improved the look of the city. Two examples are the Washington Square Arch and the Guggenheim Museum. But money is still important on the island that began as a trading century four centuries ago. The area the Dutch settled is now Wall Street, the worlds financial capital. Im Steve Ember. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=935_1364824283 Nazel_Hut New York City Celebrates Its 400th Anniversary (From 2009) history Sat, 09 Mar 2013 16:18:13 -0500 http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=75f_1362863579 Detroit Iron By Stephanie Pappas, LiveScience Senior Writer LiveScience.com It's that time of year again. On Sunday (March 10), most Americans will wake up only to realize they've lost an hour of their weekend to daylight saving time - the price we pay for eight months of well-lit evenings. That is, unless you live in Arizona or Hawaii, which don't observe daylight saving, you're probably used to this routine by now. But the history of daylight saving time has been anything but peaceful, from its first wartime introduction to its ongoing controversy today. Here are five crazy chapters in the history of springing forward. 1. Bright idea Ben Franklin gets credit for thinking up the idea of daylight saving time , albeit with his trademark wit. As ambassador to Paris, Franklin wrote a letter to the Journal of Paris in 1784 of his "discovery" that the sun gives light as soon as it rises, and needling Parisians for their night-owl, candle-burning ways. "Ben Franklin had the basic concept," said David Prerau, author of " Seize the Daylight : The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time" (Thunder's Mouth Press, 2005), in 2012. What Franklin lacked, Prerau said, was a useful way to force everyone into living by the sun's rules - other than some "humorous ideas" that Parisians surely wouldn't have found very funny, including shooting off cannons at sunrise every morning. Others took daylight saving time much more seriously, particularly William Willett, an Englishman who loved his early-morning horseback rides, Prerau told LiveScience; Willett he couldn't believe that everyone else wanted to sleep in after the sun came up. He also touted the benefits of longer hours of daylight in the evenings. Fiery Folklore: 5 Dazzling Sun Myths ] Willett managed to get the idea of moving the clock forward during the summer months proposed in Parliament in 1908, but it was shot down. "Willett was a steadfast guy, and so he proposed it again in 1909, 1910, 1911, and Parliament rejected it all those times," Prerau said. Willett might have kept this up, but he died in 1915, never to see his beloved daylight saving plan reach fruition. 2. Wartime rally If Willett couldn't convince the British populace that daylight saving time was needed, the Germans could. In 1916, with World War I ratcheting up, Germany put itself on daylight saving time to save energy for the war effort. Britain followed a month later. When the United States got involved in the war in 1918, they too instituted daylight saving time. President Woodrow Wilson even wanted to keep the new system after the war ended. But at the time, the country was mostly rural. Farmers hated the time change, because their jobs were dependent on the sun, and daylight saving time put them out of sync with the city people who sold them goods and bought their products. Congress repealed daylight saving time, Wilson vetoed the repeal, and Congress promptly overrode his veto, a fairly rare occurrence. "It's been contentious," Prerau said. 3. Total confusion When World War II hit, daylight saving time came back into vogue, again to save energy for the war effort. The U.S. instituted daylight saving time less than a month after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Prerau said. This time, though, America's increasingly industrialized population wasn't as keen on losing their post-work daylight after the war ended. So when the national law requiring the time switch was repealed, some towns stuck with daylight saving. It was chaos. One 35-mile bus ride from Moundsville, W.Va., to Steubenville, Ohio, took riders through no less than seven different time changes, Prerau said. At one point, the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul were on different clocks, creating confusion for workers who lived in one city and commuted to the other. "The suburbs didn't know what to do at all," Prerau said. 4. Uniform time This every-town-for-itself system couldn't last long. In 1966, Congress passed the Uniform Time act of 1966, specifying that states didn't have to get on the daylight saving bandwagon, but that if they did, the whole state had to comply. And the federal government would determine the days of "springing forward" and "falling back," the law stated, eliminating the problem of towns and cities setting their own daylight saving dates. 7 Great Dramas in Congressional History ] 5. Expanding daylight saving Since that time, Congress has expanded the length of daylight saving time three times, once in the 1970s during the country's energy crisis, once in the 1980s, when April got brought under the daylight saving umbrella, and finally in 2007. Today, daylight saving time encompasses March into November. The reasoning given for each of these changes was to save energy , Prerau said, but there are other benefits to springing forward. Fewer cars on the road on dark evenings mean fewer traffic accidents. And more daylight means more outdoor exercise for the after-work crowd. On the other hand, expanding daylight saving time to encompass any more of the year might cause trouble. Russia shifted their clock to permanent daylight saving time in 2011, which worked fine until the depths of winter. Suddenly, the sun was rising at 10 a.m. in Moscow and 11 a.m. in St. Petersburg, Prerau said. People aren't fond of starting their days in the pitch-black, he said, and now there's talk of reversing the decision. http://news.yahoo.com/5-fiery-facts-daylight-saving-time-134935374.html http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=75f_1362863579 Detroit Iron 5 Fiery Facts About Daylight Saving Time Ben Franklin Sat, 02 Mar 2013 06:48:03 -0500 http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=76d_1362223983 buoymarker Jim Crow laws were a product of the solidly Democratic South. Conservative white Southern Democrats, exploiting racial fear, attacking the corruption (real or perceived) of Reconstruction Republican governments, and suppressing the black vote by violence and intimidation, took over state governments in the South in the 1870s and essentially dominated them for nearly 100 years. They disfranchised most blacks through voter registration laws and new constitutions by the end of the nineteenth century. In 1956, Southern resistance to the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education resulted in a resolution called the Southern Manifesto. It was read into the Congressional Record and supported by 96 Southern Congressmen and senators, all but two of them Southern Democrats. During the Reconstruction period of 1865-1877, federal law provided civil rights protection in the U.S. South for freedmen - the African Americans who had formerly been slaves. In the 1870s, Democrats gradually regained power in the Southern legislatures, sometimes as a result of elections in which paramilitary groups intimidated opponents, attacking blacks or preventing them from voting. Gubernatorial elections were close and disputed in Louisiana for years, with extreme violence unleashed during the campaigns. In 1877, a national compromise to gain Southern support in the presidential election resulted in the last of the federal troops being withdrawn from the South. White Democrats had regained political power in every Southern state. These conservative, white, Democratic Redeemer governments legislated Jim Crow laws, segregating black people from the white population. Blacks were still elected to local offices in the 1880s, but the establishment Democrats were passing laws to make voter registration and electoral rules more restrictive, with the result that political participation by most blacks and many poor whites began to decrease. Between 1890 and 1910, ten of the eleven former Confederate states, starting with Mississippi, passed new constitutions or amendments that effectively disfranchised most blacks and tens of thousands of poor whites through a combination of poll taxes, literacy and comprehension tests, and residency and record-keeping requirements. Grandfather clauses temporarily permitted some illiterate whites to vote but using the same law prevented most blacks from voting. The Civil Rights Act of 1875, introduced by Charles Sumner and Benjamin F. Butler, stipulated a guarantee that everyone, regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, was entitled to the same treatment in public accommodations, such as inns, public transportation, theaters, and other places of recreation. This Act had little effect. An 1883 Supreme Court decision ruled that the act was unconstitutional in some respects, saying Congress was not afforded control over private persons or corporations. With white southern Democrats forming a solid voting bloc in Congress, with power out of proportion to the percentage of population they represented, Congress did not pass another civil rights law until 1957. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=76d_1362223983 buoymarker Racist Democratic History democrats, racist, ignorance, uncle obama, equal rights, get a job Sun, 16 Dec 2012 16:35:51 -0500 http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=6b9_1355692655 BloodyPeasant A Christmas Carol - 1910 - Silent Movie by Thomas Edison. http://christmas.liveleak.com Note: In spite of this movie being a mere 102 years old it somehow is still in the public domain, at least for now. Total runtime is just over 10 minutes. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=6b9_1355692655 BloodyPeasant A Christmas Carol - <span class="highlight">1910</span> - Silent Movie by Thomas Edison christmas, channel, santa, reindeer, trees, elves, stockings, silent film, edison, 1910 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 13:45:14 -0500 http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=bdd_1267727407 majjick As a response to Mendermans beautiful post: 1905, Market Street, San Francisco. Here is the Amsterdam version from 1910. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=bdd_1267727407 majjick <span class="highlight">1910</span>, Amsterdam, Holland 1910,Amsterdam,Holland Sat, 27 Dec 2008 12:44:00 -0500 http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=58b_1230399622 hossam70 Meats out let in islam sook, Yajoor, Haifa, Islam Land, 1910. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=58b_1230399622 hossam70 Meats out let in islam sook, Yajoor, Haifa, Islam Land, <span class="highlight">1910</span>. Meats out let in islam sook, Yajoor, Haifa, Islam Land, 1910.