Tuscaloosa, Alabama (CNN) -- Storms of near-epic proportions cut wide swaths of destruction across the South, killing at least 250 people in six states, ravaging whole neighborhoods and crippling towns.
The vast majority of fatalities occurred in Alabama, where 162 people perished, said Yasamie August, Alabama Emergency Management Agency spokeswoman.
A breakdown provided by Alabama Gov. Robert Bentley's office showed that violent weather claimed lives in 16 Alabama counties. Thirty people perished in DeKalb County in northeastern Alabama; the death toll in the hard-hit city of Tuscaloosa, in west-central Alabama, was at 36 as of Thursday morning, said Mayor Walter Maddox.
"I don't know how anyone survived," Maddox said. "We're used to tornadoes here in Tuscaloosa. It's part of growing up. But when you look at the path of destruction that's likely 5 to 7 miles long in an area half a mile to a mile wide ... it's an amazing scene. There's parts of the city I don't recognize, and that's someone that's lived here his entire life."
Thirty-two people died in Mississippi, emergency officials said. Tennessee emergency officials said 33 people died in that state. Fourteen were dead in Georgia, eight in Virginia and one in Arkansas.
Entire neighborhoods were leveled and hundreds of thousands of people were without power in the affected regions. As of 10 a.m. (11 a.m. ET), Alabama Power said nearly 348,500 customers had no electricity. As of Thursday morning, about 61,000 people in Georgia were without power, according to Georgia Power and the Georgia Electric Membership Corp. Bentley estimated as many as half a million to a million people had no electricity in Alabama.
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"This could be one of the most devastating tornado outbreaks in the nation's history by the time it's over," CNN Meteorologist Sean Morris said.
Long before the death toll mushroomed, governors in Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia had declared states of emergency within their borders. Virginia followed suit Thursday. Mississippi Gov. Haley Barbour said Thursday he was asking for a statewide emergency declaration.
President Barack Obama announced late Wednesday he had approved Bentley's request for emergency federal assistance, including search and rescue support. The White House said Obama will travel to Alabama on Friday.
Bentley said Thursday he is asking Obama for a major disaster declaration. According to FEMA, such declarations are made when "an incident is of such severity and magnitude that effective response is beyond state and local capabilities and that federal assistance is necessary."
FEMA said in a statement that Administrator Craig Fugate was traveling to Alabama on Thursday to meet with Bentley and state and local officials.
In the DeKalb County, Alabama town of Rainsville, 25 bodies were recovered near a trailer park, said Police Chief Charles Centers. Many people are unaccounted for, Centers said, and authorities haven't even been able to reach all the affected areas yet, because some roads are impassable. Patrol cars are running out of fuel, and buildings including a school, homes and several businesses have been damaged or destroyed.
Israel Partridge, a local business owner who teaches search-and-rescue and who volunteered to help the Rainsville Fire Department Wednesday night, said one tree that had been uprooted and tossed still had a dog alive, tied to it. Partridge said he freed the dog and gave it to a family to take care of.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission said it was monitoring the Browns Ferry nuclear power plant near Athens in north Alabama, about 32 miles west of Huntsville, after it lost offsite power Wednesday night due to the storms. The three units at the plant shut down automatically when power was lost, it said.
"One of the plant's diesel generators was out of service for maintenance, but the other seven started to power the units' emergency loads," the commission said. "Plant operators and Tennessee Valley Authority line crews are working to restore offsite power to all three units." The Tennessee Valley Authority operates the plant.
TVA spokeswoman Barbara Martocci told CNN no radiation was released as a result of the shutdown, and the plant is currently in a safe shutdown mode.
At least one strong tornado swept through Tuscaloosa, leaving dozens of roads impassable and destroying hundreds of homes and businesses.
Resident James Sykes said the massive twister was "like a silent monster. It was just moving at a steady rate and just demolishing everything in its path."
"It literally obliterated blocks and blocks of the city," Maddox, the Tuscaloosa mayor, said. He told CNN Thursday morning the devastation was "unparalleled ... the city's infrastructure has been absolutely decimated."
"We've lost two water tanks on the east side of the city, which is crippling the water supply," he said. "We're facing an overwhelming situation in which we are short of men, materials and equipment." But he said Bentley has been "outstanding" in mobilizing resources.
"We've lost our environmental services," he said. "We've lost police precincts. We've lost fire stations. So our own infrastructure itself, which would deal with these issues, has been crippled. It's just compounding the situation."
Authorities' primary focus on Thursday will be search and rescue, he said, adding recovery efforts are likely 24 to 48 hours away. "Our focus right now is finding citizens who are hurt, finding those who are missing."
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He predicted the city could take months to recover from the blow.
"Except for the sirens, it had an eerie quiet this morning," said Brian Wilhite, an internist at Tuscaloosa's Druid City Hospital. "It looks like an atomic bomb went off in a straight line. It's probably close to a mile wide."
He said people flocked to the hospital, many with head injuries and lacerations. "It looked more like a Vietnam War site than a hospital," he said. "I know one physician who watched two people die right in front of him. There was nothing he could do."
The University of Alabama, located in Tuscaloosa, escaped mostly unscathed, but Bentley said some students living off-campus were among the dead, and Maddox said there is a "strong possibility" that that is true. Classes were canceled Thursday.
Lathesia Gibson said she grabbed her children and took refuge in a closet as the tornado struck. "It sounded like a train was sent over the house," she said. "It was like a roaring sound." She said it lasted about 45 seconds, and the house began to cave in around her.
When it was over, "I had rubble all over me," she said. "Sheetrock in my mouth ... it was horrible."
Bentley activated 2,000 National Guard troops Wednesday night and said he will activate more if necessary. In Mississippi, Barbour said he had also activated the National Guard. National Guard spokesman Maj. Tom Crosson in Washington said about 120 troops were in Mississippi and 50 more in Arkansas.
Witnesses also reported tornado touchdowns in Birmingham, Alabama. "It looked like it was probably a mile wide," said Mayor William Bell.
The northwest corner of the city was particularly devastated, he said, with hundreds injured and many others missing.
The Birmingham neighborhood of Pratt City and the suburb of Pleasant Grove were among the hardest hit areas.
"It's just bare land, debris everywhere," Cierra Brown of Jefferson County, where Birmingham is located, told CNN affiliate WBMA about her devastated neighborhood. "There's no house."
"My bathroom is across the street," Talesha Oliver told WBMA.
Henry Nguyen told CNN early Thursday he was working at his father's convenience store on the edge of Pratt City when he saw a twister angling for the front door. He ducked. When he stood up, Nguyen said he saw that the tornado had missed the storefront by 50 yards.
"Houses are gone. It's pretty crazy," Nguyen said. "A gas station up the street is gone. There is nothing else open here."
Pleasant Grove Police Chief Robert Knight said a suspected tornado cut a half-mile swath through the center of town. He said he expects the death toll -- currently at six -- to rise.
More than 980 people were treated for injuries at trauma centers in the affected areas, including those treated and released.
About 100 miles north of Birmingham, Huntsville Hospital was running on generator power Thursday afternoon, and local power is not expected to be restored for four to five days, said hospital spokeswoman Pam Sparks.
A Facebook page was set up for users to claim photos and documents found strewn by the storms.
"House mortgage from Tuscaloosa found in Rainbow City," said the caption on one photo. The two cities are 116 miles apart.
In Marshall County, about 35 miles south of Huntsville, CNN iReporter Wes Lyons shot a video of a tornado from his car. "It was definitely the biggest tornado I've ever seen," he said. "I was really just shocked by how big it was."
Several meteorological conditions combined Wednesday to create a particularly dangerous mix, CNN's Morris said.
"It is tornado season, but an intensive event like this only will occur maybe once or twice a year," he said. "It's very rare to have all these ingredients come together."
The town of Ringgold, Georgia, about 17 miles southeast of Chattanooga, Tennessee, was hit particularly hard, officials said. The storm also unleashed as many as 80,000 chickens in Pickens County, Georgia, after four huge coops were destroyed.
The storms are being compared to the "super outbreak" of tornadoes April 3 and 4, 1974, Fugate, the FEMA administrator, said Thursday. In that period, 148 tornadoes were reported in 13 states, and 330 people died. States affected were Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia.
FEMA is responding to a number of disasters nationwide, including wildfires in Texas and flooding in several states, including some Southern ones also hit by storms. But, Fugate said, the agency has "to be prepared for concurrent multiple disasters occurring in this country."

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