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The spotted leopard and the black leopard
belong to the same species, Panthera pardus, they just have a different
coloration. The black form is caused by a genetic mutation called melanism. The
dark coloration is presumably advantageous in dense forests, where it would
serve as camouflage. Similarly, spotted leopards living in desert areas are a
paler golden color than spotted leopards living in grasslands.
Bioparc Valencia (Spain).