The Muslim rulers of the Indian sub-continent, the Mughals, were the last powerful descendants of the Mongols. The Mughals were, however, quite distant from their original ancestors. The Mughals were Muslim having converted to Islam long ago. They had also thoroughly absorbed Middle Eastern culture, especially Persian culture (the Persian word for Mongol is "Mughal," from which we get the English word, "mogul," meaning "tycoon"), and their wars of invasion spread Persian culture throughout India.

The ancient Mughal city of Lahore, in what is now Pakistan, is a treasure house of Muslim architecture. Lahore, the cultural hub of Pakistan, is situated along the bank of the Ravi River. The city had witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties before the arrival of the Mughals. Lahore was conquered by the founder of the Mughal dynasty, Babur of Ferghana (1524-1764 AD). All the important monuments like the Royal Fort and the Badshahi Mosque, Wazir Khan's Mosque, the tombs of Jehangir, Asif Jah, Noor Jehan, Shalimar Gardens, Hiran Minar, etc. were constructed during this period.